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标题:
浅谈远距离电视监控系统的放大倍率及可视距离
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作者:
xzg_fzh
时间:
2006-10-12 22:47
标题:
浅谈远距离电视监控系统的放大倍率及可视距离
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span> </span><span lang="EN-US"><op></op></span></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 宋体;">浅谈远距离电视监控系统的倍率和视距</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><op></op></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公安部第一研究所</span><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">许正光</span><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">孙</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">丹</span><span lang="EN-US"><span>
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摘要:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关键词:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--> <!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">问题的提出</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">定点远距离电视监控系统在工程实践中常常提出这样的问题:要求通过电视监控系统看清楚在一定大气条件和一定距离远处、已知尺度的目标,电视监控系统放大了多少倍?选用的光学系统焦距应当多少?决定通光量的相对孔径最大值应当取多少?</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">应当选用那种性能的摄像机?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--> <!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">条件假设</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(1)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">大气特性:大气的透明度使用大气透过率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="13" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1025" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">表征。整个系统可以认为光谱完全匹配,其光谱透过率特性不列入考虑范围。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(2)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">目标特性:目标表面反射率使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1026" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">表征;目标表面亮度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="15" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1027" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,表面照度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1028" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。目标的特征尺度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="19" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1029" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。特征尺度是指要求看清的目标的最小尺度,例如对一个人而言可以使用人体宽度作为目标最小尺度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(3)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">光学系统:焦距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1030" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,相对孔径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="39" height="23" vshapes="_x0000_i1031" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(4)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">光电传感器:像素数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">752X582</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,像元尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1032" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">10um</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,靶面尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">1/2inch</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,最低感光照度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.01lx</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(5)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">显示系统:典型显示分辨率为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">96 ppi</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,典型水平点距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="12" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1033" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.24mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">600</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">电视线。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(6)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">正常人眼:最佳观察距离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="15" height="19" vshapes="_x0000_i1034" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为显示器屏幕对角线尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="21" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1035" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image022.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="13" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1036" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image024.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">倍,即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="55" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1037" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image026.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,一般取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="13" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1038" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image028.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment-->= 2~3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。可以计算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">15inch</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">监视器其最佳观察距离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="15" height="19" vshapes="_x0000_i1039" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image030.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">75cm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--> <!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">电视监控系统放大倍率理论公式推导</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">1<span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">目视放大率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">通常所说的“感觉到放大了多少倍”,实际上是指“目视放大率”,定义为:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="87" height="37" vshapes="_x0000_i1040" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image032.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="19" vshapes="_x0000_i1041" alt="*" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image034.gif"/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">表示通过仪器后目标对人眼的张角大小;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1042" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image036.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">表示目标直接对人眼的张角大小,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1043" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image038.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为目视放大率。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">2<span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">电视监视系统放大倍率计算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(1)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">目标对正常人眼张角计算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">已知目标特征尺寸为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="19" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1044" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image040.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,距离为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="15" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1045" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image042.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,由此可以计算出目标对人眼的张角</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="71" height="32" vshapes="_x0000_i1046" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image044.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(2)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">通过电视监视系统,目标对人眼张角计算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">假设显示器上的图像没有经过后期的放大或者压缩处理,感光芯片上的像元和显示器上的像元一一对应。那么,电视监视系统的电子放大倍率为显示器像元尺寸对感光芯片对应像元尺寸的比值。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">根据已知尺寸可知该比例近似为:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="53" height="32" vshapes="_x0000_i1051" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">如上给出数据可计算得:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="189" height="32" vshapes="_x0000_i1050" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image048.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">又,电视监视系统物镜对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">L</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">距离处目标成像大小根据成像公式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="76" height="35" vshapes="_x0000_i1047" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image050.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="67" height="35" vshapes="_x0000_i1048" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image052.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">其中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">h</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为目标在摄像机芯片上的尺寸大小,经过监视系统的电子放大后,其在显示器上的尺寸为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="151" height="35" vshapes="_x0000_i1049" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image054.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">显示器上目标图像对人眼的张角为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="153" height="35" vshapes="_x0000_i1052" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image056.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(3)<span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">电视监视系统获得的放大倍率计算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">由此,可计算通过电视监视系统获得的放大倍率:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="337" height="63" vshapes="_x0000_i1053" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image058.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">由此可见,电视监控系统的放大倍率和目标的尺度、目标到观察者的距离无关,仅和电视监控系统的电子放大倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1054" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image060.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">以及监视系统焦距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1055" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image062.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、人眼观察距离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="55" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1056" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image064.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">相关。这是一个很重要的结论。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">分析推导公式中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="32" height="44" vshapes="_x0000_i1057" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image066.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">系数。这个系数表明在能够满足系统要求的情况下应当尽量选择感光芯片像元尺寸较小、监视器像元尺寸较大、监视器尺寸较大的系统配置。当然,考虑到多方面的因素,这些性能参数的选择都是有一定限度的。此外,公式表明:当人眼观察距离一定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">监视器尺寸一定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">时,电视监控系统的放大倍率只和电视物镜焦距和电子放大倍率相关。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(4) </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">后期图像处理产生的电子放大倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1058" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image068.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">因子的对观察的影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">当监视系统采用软件处理之后,如果产生了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1059" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image070.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">的放大效果,那么此时的电视监控系统的倍率为:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="392" height="63" vshapes="_x0000_i1060" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image072.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">图像后期处理引入了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1061" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image074.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">参数,适当的采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="41" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1062" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image076.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">的处理,有利于人眼的观察效果,这就是通常我们说的“电子图像放大”。但是,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1063" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image077.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">不可能无限放大,因为图象处理大部分是通过一定的插值算法完成的,算法本身并没有增加图像中的信息量,其效果只是一定程度上提高了目标对眼睛的张角、使得眼睛更为容易分辨目标细节,增加了观察舒适度。因此一定程度的图像放大处理有利于增加观察距离和观察效果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">当</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1092" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image078.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">大到一定的程度,人眼相反会感觉到不舒适的反应,此时人会不自觉地调整与显示器之间的距离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="15" height="19" vshapes="_x0000_i1064" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image080.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,使得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="23" height="41" vshapes="_x0000_i1065" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image082.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">之间的比值维持在一定的范围之内。通常电子图像放大倍率超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">4 ~ 8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">倍左右人眼就会感觉出不舒适的反应。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>
</span>(5)<span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">选用电视监视系统物镜焦距估算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">以监视对象为人举例说明。计算推导如下:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">按照约翰逊准则,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">50%</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">搜索识别概率下“识别”目标所需要在特征尺度上需要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">个线对左右,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">100%</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">概率下需要增加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">倍即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">线对,或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">16</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">条黑白相间的条带。在较好的照明条件下,人眼分辨细节平均在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="15" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1066" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image084.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">左右,该目标特征尺寸所占视角约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="84" height="19" vshapes="_x0000_i1067" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image086.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="173" height="41" vshapes="_x0000_i1068" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image088.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">弧度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">人的特征宽度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">头部、肩宽平均宽度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">) <span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="13" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1069" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image090.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.45m</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,则可以计算出人眼在正常光照条件下“识别”目标人的距离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="13" height="19" vshapes="_x0000_i1070" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image092.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="213" height="41" vshapes="_x0000_i1071" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image094.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment-->m<op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">即正常光照条件下人眼能够识别出目标人的距离大概在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">100m</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">左右。当天气条件恶劣、尤其是光照度条件下降时,该距离下降很快。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">由该数据可计算一定距离处电视监控系统所需放大倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1073" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image096.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,由此计算电视系统物镜焦距。估算过程如下:根据上述公式,计算举例说明。一般电视监控系统显示器点距为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.28mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">左右,水平方向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.24mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,在此处取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.25mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。低照度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">CCD</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">摄像机像元尺寸一般在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">8~10um</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">10um</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。由此可计算出电子放大倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1074" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image098.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">25</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">倍。以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">14inch</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">监视器为例,观察距离取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">750mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。由此倍率公式有:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="165" height="41" vshapes="_x0000_i1075" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image100.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span>
</span><span> </span><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="65" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1076" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image102.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">上述公式中,物镜焦距单位取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,计算结果单位为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">m</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。公式表明,电视监视系统所需物镜焦距约为观察距离的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">倍。这是很方便的估算公式。如目标人距离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">500m</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,则所需要的物镜焦距应当大于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">150mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。当大气条件和环境照度条件下降时,由于透过率、靶面照度等条件下降,系统可视距离随之下降,该公式就不再适应。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt; line-height: 200%;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--> <!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24.1pt; text-indent: -24.1pt; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">电视监控系统的可视距离公式推导</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US">(1)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span style="font-family: 宋体;">实际景物照度所需要的物镜相对孔径</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通常感光芯片</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">如</span><span lang="EN-US">CCD</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机,以下称摄像机</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">所给出的“最低照度”是采用对比度为</span><span lang="EN-US">100%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的特定目标测试所得。然而实际景物目标的对比度要低得多。为了得到同等的测试效果,通常需要将实际景物目标的照度修正成其对比度为</span><span lang="EN-US">100%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">时所需的照度</span><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="36" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1077" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image104.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。其换算公式为:</span><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="89" height="25" vshapes="_x0000_i1078" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image106.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">微光电视系统的环境照度和靶面照度转换公式表述为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="124" height="44" vshapes="_x0000_i1091" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image108.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">经过对比度修正之后,有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="160" height="44" vshapes="_x0000_i1090" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image110.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="123" height="60" vshapes="_x0000_i1089" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image112.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公式中,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="36" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1093" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image113.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为传递到摄像机、目标对比度相当于</span><span lang="EN-US">100%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">条件下的照度值。</span><span lang="EN-US"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="13" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1094" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image115.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表示大气光谱透过率;</span><span lang="EN-US"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="17" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1095" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image117.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表示为摄像机光学镜头的光谱透过率;</span><span lang="EN-US"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="16" height="17" vshapes="_x0000_i1096" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image119.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为目标的光谱反射率;</span><span lang="EN-US"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="23" height="44" vshapes="_x0000_i1097" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image121.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表示为镜头的相对孔径;</span><span lang="EN-US"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="12" height="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1098" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image123.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表示景物实际对比度;</span><span lang="EN-US"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1099" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image125.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表示景物实际照度。</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机的标称最低照度为</span><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="21" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1100" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image127.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,那么要使得摄像机能够工作的最低照度水平为:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="69" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1101" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image129.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">或者</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="76" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1102" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image131.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">因此,摄像机所需相对孔径可由下面的推导公式计算出。</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="224" height="60" vshapes="_x0000_i1088" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image133.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">需要补充说明的是,摄像机的标称最低照度一般是指在</span><span lang="EN-US">2856K</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">标准光源照射下产生的有用信号</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白电平到黑电平</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">幅度降低至“某一规定值”对应的特定景物上的照度。而“某一规定值”不同的摄像机生产厂商、不同类型的摄像机规定并未完全统一。</span><span lang="EN-US">GB12338-90</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对“某一规定值”定义为</span><span lang="EN-US">70mV</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,为</span><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="32" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1079" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image135.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的</span><span lang="EN-US">10%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">;广播电视行业标准规定的“某一规定值”定义为</span><span lang="EN-US"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="32" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1080" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image136.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的</span><span lang="EN-US">1/2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">~</span><span lang="EN-US">1/3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,即</span><span lang="EN-US">350mV~210mV</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">;日本行业标准中,最低照度是指保证视频电平幅度为</span><span lang="EN-US">350 mV</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">时,特定景物目标在摄像机靶面上的最低光线照度。</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">实际经验表明,当靶面照度能够达到最低照度标称值的</span><span lang="EN-US">3~5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">倍时,普通低照度摄像机能够产生较为清晰、舒适的图像质量</span><span lang="EN-US">(250~300</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视线清晰度</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。当靶面照度达到最低照度标称值</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">倍左右时,摄像机能够达到</span><span lang="EN-US">400</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视线。当充分照度的条件下,摄像机成像质量甚至能够达到</span><span lang="EN-US">570</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视线。</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 19.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US">(2)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">约翰逊准则与电视监控系统极限条件下视距公式</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">目标搜索识别过程中的不同阶段对应不同的探测水平,探测水平是将系统性能与人眼视觉相结合的一种视觉能力的评价方法。约翰逊把目标的探测问题与等效条带图案的探测问题联系起来。目标的等效条带图案是一组黑白间隔相等的条带状图案,其总体高度为基本上能被识别的目标临界尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特征长度</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,即目标最小投影尺寸,条带长度为垂直于临界尺寸方向的横跨目标的尺寸。</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">约翰逊论证了等效条带图案刻分辨力能用来预测目标的探测识别,且将探测识别水平分为发现、定向、识别和鉴别四个等级,其对应</span><span lang="EN-US">50%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">概率可分辨力下所需的等效条带图案周期数分别为</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,对其他概率探测水平下所需的条带束需要系数修正。例如</span><span lang="EN-US">100%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">探测概率下所需要修正系数为</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">倍。因而目标对应的等效条带数为</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">条,即</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在靶面照度条件满足要求时,视距公式可以表述如下:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="99" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1081" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image138.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">摄像机感光芯片有效尺寸幅面高度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">h</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,整个高度范围内的电视线总数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">N</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,目标所占有的电视线数目为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">n</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,目标高度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">H</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,物镜焦距为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="20" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1082" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image140.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">计算举例说明,如果在靶面照度满足</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="36" height="24" vshapes="_x0000_i1083" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image142.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">下摄像机的极限分辨力为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">400</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">电视线,物体特征长度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">0.45m</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,所需电视线行数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">16</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">行,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">1/2 inch</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">芯片的幅面高度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">4.8mm</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,则可计算出该条件下电视监控系统的可视距离:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="263" height="41" vshapes="_x0000_i1084" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image144.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">或者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="73" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1085" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image146.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">若在正常光照度下,摄像机的电视线标称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">570</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">电视线。那么可计算得上述公式为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="261" height="41" vshapes="_x0000_i1086" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image148.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><op></op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">其结论几乎和第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">节估算公式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="65" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1087" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image150.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">完全一致。由此说明了前面估算公式的正确性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><op></op></span></p>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">应当注意的是,公式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img width="99" height="21" vshapes="_x0000_i1072" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/XUZHEN~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image152.gif" alt=""/><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">N</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">为摄像机一定照度下的极限分辨力。随着靶面照度的降低,极限分辨力也随之下降;当降到低于标称值一定程度时,摄像机逐渐不能正常工作,信号完全被背景噪声、暗电流所掩盖。目前市场上的低照度摄像机并没有标出极限分辨力,工程设计人员在设计时一定要认识到这一点。</span>
作者:
dexing
时间:
2006-10-13 04:38
你好,文章不错。可是图片都无法显示。可以Emial一篇完整的吗?<a href="mailto:dexingwoo@sina.com">dexingwoo@sina.com</a>
作者:
adrianzhang
时间:
2007-9-21 11:19
标题:
好东西,顶!
我以前也看过夜市摄像机的一篇相关的文章。跟这篇文章里面的思路差不多。因为,文章里的公式和图片看不到,所以也没法儿再详细评价。
不知道版主有没有原文,可否共享一下?
作者:
adrianzhang
时间:
2007-9-21 11:20
标题:
好文章,顶!
如果可以共享,请Email至:
zhanghaibo_1208@126.com
谢谢
作者:
ccwangok
时间:
2009-10-8 10:38
文章不错,如果可以共享,请Email至:
ccwangok@sina.com
谢谢
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