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</div> </td> <td valign="top" class="album_side_r"> <div class="album_side"> <div class="hm mtn mbn"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-7305.html" target="_blank" class="xi2"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=7305&size=small" /></a> <span class="tit_author"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-7305.html">soft</a> </span> </div> <div class="date"><span>发布时间:</span> 2010-10-19 21:51</div> <div class="album_info"> <h3>正文摘要: </h3> <p>芯片实验室及其发展趋势 周小棉 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，116023 联系人地址：中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，116023，email:zhouximi@hotmail.com 摘要：介绍芯片实验室的一般特点、应用、发展历 ...</p> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="bm vw pl" id="comment"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <h2>回复</h2> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div id="postlistreply" class="xld xlda mbm"><div id="post_new" class="viewthread_table" style="display: none"></div></div><div id="post_676915" class="xld xlda mbm"><dl class="bbda cl"> <dd class="m avt"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-118018.html"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=118018&size=small" /></a></dd> <dt> <span class="y xw0"> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-118018.html" target="_blank" class="xi2">bairuizheng</a><em id="author_676915"> 发表于</em> <span class="xg1 xw0">2010-10-20 01:52:51</span> </dt> <dd class="z"><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_676915"> 讀過了解一下。</td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_676915" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_676915"></div> </div> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="post_676851" class="xld xlda mbm"><dl class="bbda cl"> <dd class="m avt"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-7305.html"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=7305&size=small" /></a></dd> <dt> <span class="y xw0"> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-7305.html" target="_blank" class="xi2">soft</a><em id="author_676851"> 发表于</em> <span class="xg1 xw0">2010-10-19 21:51:48</span> </dt> <dd class="z"><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_676851"> <br /> 然而，近年来，国内有多家大学和研究所的实验室已开始了这方面的研究。整体而言，这些院所所开展的工作尚处在起步阶段，多数是从毛细管电泳或流动注射分析所得到的技术积累转移至芯片平台上进行研究，虽然起步较晚，但行动较快。以中国科学院大连化物所林炳承课题组研制出了准商品化的激光诱导荧光芯片分析仪和电化学芯片分析仪和相关的塑料分析芯片[6]， 浙江大学亦推出了玻璃分析芯片[7]等为代表的一些研究单位已进行了卓有成效的研究，但是企业尚未真正投入到此行业中来。<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 三、芯片实验室的要素与基本特点<br /> 1、芯片实验室的要素<br /> 按照目前的理解，芯片实验室是富有一定功能的，功能化芯片实验室大体包括三个部分：一是芯片；二是分析仪，包括驱动源和信号检测装置；三是包含有实现芯片功能化方法和试剂盒。芯片本身涉及到两个方面：一是尺寸；二是材料。现有典型的芯片约为几个平方厘米，一般的通道尺寸为10～100m宽，5～30m深，长度约为3～10cm。其通道总体积较一般电泳毛细管小一个数量级左右约纳升级（10－9L）。可用于芯片的材料最常见的为玻璃，石英和各种塑料。玻璃和石英有很好的电渗性质和优良的光学性质，可采用标准的刻蚀工艺加工，可用比较熟悉的化学方法进行表面改性，加工成本较高，封接难度较大。常用的有机聚合物包括刚性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA），弹性的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和聚碳酯（PC）等，它们成本低，可用物理或化学方法进行表面改性，制作技术和玻璃芯片有较大的区别。样品和试剂的充分接触、反应或分离必须有外力的作用，这种外力一般为电场力、正压力、负压力或微管虹吸原理产生的力。人们常采用高压电源产生电场力或泵产生正、负压力作为驱动源。由芯片内产生的信号需要被检测，目前最常用的检测手段是激光诱导荧光，此外还有电化学、质谱、紫外、化学发光和传感器等。激光诱导荧光检测器主要由激光源、光学透镜组和以光电倍增管或CCD为主的荧光信号接收器件组成。特点是检测灵敏度高，被广泛采用；但现阶段其体积仍然偏大。驱动源和检测装置是芯片实验室仪器的主要组成部分，其体积的大小直接决定了芯片分析仪的大小，因此人们正努力追求将这两部分做到最小。电化学检测由于其体积较小，与高压电源一起可制成便携式分析仪在尺寸上和芯片实验室的概念匹配，加之有电化学响应的物质很多，所以在芯片中的应用研究较多。电化学检测器的一般做法是将电极集成到芯片上，采用安培或电导法进行检测，其中电泳分离电压对检测电流的干扰是电化学检测需要克服的问题之一。用于电化学检测的电极材料有碳糊、碳纤维、铜丝、金丝等。被检测物质有氨基酸、肽、碳水化合物、神经递质等。把电泳分离、酶联免疫和生物化学集成于一体的芯片实验室研究已有报道，已可能实现多人同时检测或多种免疫指标的同时检测。诚然，检测的方式多种多样,研究者们正努力将现有的检测方法移植到芯片实验室的检测上，如质谱法、紫外-可见检测法等等。现行的质谱仪一般都体积庞大，与芯片实验室的发展不匹配，不过，近来Polla［8］等研制出了质谱芯片，他们把离子化腔、加速电极、漂移腔、检测阵列等器件集成在只有一枚硬币大小的硅片上，检测质量达10-12克。功能化试剂盒是各种专一性芯片实验室的特征性组成部分，它将寓于各种应用之中。<br /> 2、芯片实验室的特点<br /> 芯片实验室的特点有以下几个方面：其一、集成性。目前一个重要的趋势是：集成的单元部件越来越多，且集成的规模也越来越大。所涉及到的部件包括：和进样及样品处理有关的透析、膜、固相萃取、净化；用于流体控制的微阀（包括主动阀和被动阀），微泵（包括机械泵和非机械泵）；微混合器，微反应器，当然还有微通道和微检测器等。最具代表性的工作是美国Quake研究小组［9］将3574个微阀、1000个微反应器和1024个微通道集成在尺寸仅有3.3mm×6mm面积的硅质材料上，完成了液体在内部的定向流动与分配，如图1所示。</td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_676851" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_676851"></div> </div> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> new lazyload(); </script> <div class="wp mtn"> <!--[diy=diy3]--><div id="diy3" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> </div></div> </div> <!--autocomment filter by maxnum--> <div class="ft_wp"> <div id="ft" class=" cl"> <div id="flk" > <p> <a href="http://wpa.qq.com/msgrd?V=3&Uin=20600600&Site=光电工程师社区&Menu=yes&from=discuz" target="_blank" title="QQ"><img src="static/image/common/site_qq.jpg" alt="QQ" /></a><span class="pipe">|</span><a href="http://m.oecr.com" >手机版</a><span class="pipe">|</span><a href="http://so.oecr.com" title="站内搜索" 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