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no-repeat 100% 50%'; } next.onclick = function(){if(curnum < imagecount - 1) {$('pic').src=imglist['url'][curnum+1];current_pic(curnum+1);}} next.title = ''; //cont.style.position = 'relative'; if(divappend == 1) { cont.appendChild(pager); pager.appendChild(pre); pager.appendChild(next); } } var onopen = 0; $('pic').onload = function(){ viewPhoto(); if(onopen == 0) { onopen = 1; } else { var imagepos = fetchOffset($('photo_pic')); document.documentElement.scrollTop = imagepos['top']; } } document.onkeyup = function(e){ e = e ? e : window.event; var tagname = BROWSER.ie ? e.srcElement.tagName : e.target.tagName; if(tagname == 'INPUT' || tagname == 'TEXTAREA') return; actualCode = e.keyCode ? e.keyCode : e.charCode; if(actualCode == 39) { $('pic-next').click(); } if(actualCode == 37) { $('pic-prev').click(); } } </script> <div id="p_btn" class="mtw mbm cl xs1" style="display:none;"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=share&type=thread&id=127729" id="k_share" 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onmouseover="this.title = $('recommendv_subtract').innerHTML + ' 人反对'"><i><img src="static/image/common/rec_subtract.gif" alt="反对" />反对<span id="recommendv_subtract">0</span></i></a> </div> </td> <td valign="top" class="album_side_r"> <div class="album_side"> <div class="hm mtn mbn"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-115533.html" target="_blank" class="xi2"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=115533&size=small" /></a> <span class="tit_author"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-115533.html">娆娆</a> </span> </div> <div class="date"><span>发布时间:</span> 2010-12-29 15:05</div> <div class="album_info"> <h3>正文摘要: </h3> <p>作者：Michael B. Korzenski, ATMI Inc., Danbury, Conn. 来源: 半导体国际 当今的经济环境下，半导体制造商比以往更加难以获得最大的效益和性价比。一方面制造厂的管理者们要努力达成这些目标，同时还要进行合 ...</p> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="bm vw pl" id="comment"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <h2>回复</h2> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div id="postlistreply" class="xld xlda mbm"><div id="post_new" class="viewthread_table" style="display: none"></div></div><div id="post_716956" class="xld xlda mbm"><dl class="bbda cl"> <dd class="m avt"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-115533.html"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=115533&size=small" /></a></dd> <dt> <span class="y xw0"> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-115533.html" target="_blank" class="xi2">娆娆</a><em id="author_716956"> 发表于</em> <span class="xg1 xw0">2010-12-29 15:05:59</span> </dt> <dd class="z"><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_716956"> 《绿色化学的12项原则》<br /> <br /> 《绿色化学的12项原则》是在私营机构中编写而成的。但是其支持者越来越多，这至少在一部分上归功于美国环保署（EPA）为提升他们的评价而付出的努力。在这些活动中，环保署设立了绿色化学奖，对利用12原则的技术防治污染的创新发展授予荣誉：<br /> <br /> 1 预防。预防废弃物的产生要比处理和净化已生成的废弃物好得多。<br /> <br /> 2 讲原子经济。设计的合成程序应能最大限度地使反应过程中所用的物料进到终极产物中。应设计出综合的方案，最有效地把工艺中所有材料整合入最终产品。<br /> <br /> 3 减少有危害性的合成反应。无论如何要使用可行的方法使得设计合成程序只选用或产出对人体和环境毒性很小的或最好无毒的物质。<br /> <br /> 4 设计合成安全的化学产品。设计化学反应的生成物不仅具有所需的性能,还应具有最小的毒性。<br /> <br /> 5 使用安全的溶剂和辅料。尽量不用辅助剂(如溶剂分散剂等) ，当不得已使用时应尽可能选择无害的。<br /> <br /> 6 设计中能量的使用要讲效率。尽可能降低化学过程所需能量，还应考虑对环境的影响和经济效益。合成反应尽可能在大气环境的温度和压强下进行。<br /> <br /> 7 使用可再生的原料。只要技术上和经济上是可行的，原料应能回收再利用。<br /> <br /> 8 尽量减少派生物。应该尽可能避免或减少多余的衍生物，因为进行这些步骤需添加一些反应物的同时也会产生废弃物。<br /> <br /> 9 催化作用。催化剂（尽可能是具选择性的）比符合化学计量数的试剂更占优势。<br /> <br /> 10 要设计降解。按设计生产的生成物，当其有效作用完成后，可以分解为无害的降解产物，在环境中不继续存在。<br /> <br /> 11 防止污染进程能实时分析。需要不断发展分析方法，在实时分析、进程中监测，特别是对形成危害物质的控制上。<br /> <br /> 12 特别是从化学反应的安全防止事故发生。在化学过程中，反应物的选择应着眼于使包括释放、爆炸、着火等化学事故的可能性降至最低。<br /> <br /> （来源：绿色化学华纳巴布科克研究所）</td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_716956" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_716956"></div> </div> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> new lazyload(); 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