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type="text/css">.pcb{margin-right:0}</style><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_352758"> 新泽西理工学院科研人员近日开发出了一种便宜的<a href="http://solar.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">太阳能</a>电池，这种电池可以被涂抹或打印在柔性塑料板上。 <br /> <br /> 新泽西理工学院化学和环境科学系代理系主任，该研究的首席研究员兼创始人索门纳斯.米特拉博士表示：“开发由聚合体制成的有机太阳能<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>池是一种便宜的，而且更加简便的替代方案。我们预计很多人将对我们的研究感兴趣，因为人们可以把太阳能电池打印或涂抺在建筑物的外墙上或屋顶上，这种方法既便宜又简单。想象一下，有一天，你将开着一辆车顶上涂有太阳能电池板的混合动力汽车，这种太阳能电池板正在产生电力以驱动汽车引擎。机会是永无止境的。” <br /> <br /> 太阳能电池的科学原理是这样的：当阳光照射到有机太阳能电池上时，能量将产生正电荷和负电荷。如果电荷可以被分别传送至不同的电极，就会形成电流。如果不可以，能量将被浪费掉。可以用电子方式把电池连结在一起，这种电池形态被称为电池板，正如现在大多数屋顶上安装的那种电池板。太阳能电池及电池板的大小有所不同。电池的大小从1毫米到几英尺不等，而电池板没有大小限制。 <br /> <br /> 新泽西理工学院开发的太阳能电池使用了一个碳<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>管复合体，这是一种圆柱型碳分子结构，之所以称之为纳米管，是因为它的尺寸极小。科学家估计纳米管比头发丝细5万倍。然而，哪怕是一个碳纳米管，其导电性都优于任何常规电线。“事实上，纳米管是很好的导体，其导电性远强于铜。” <br /> <br /> 米特拉和他的研究小组把碳纳米管与碳60正三十二面体（即富勒烯）结合在一起。尽管碳60正三十二面体不能产生电流，但它可以捕获电子。阳光的照射将激活聚合体，而碳60正三十二面体将捕获电子。这样一来，纳米管的作用将与铜线一样，能够产生电子或电流。 <br /> <br /> “把这种独特的结合方式运用于有机太阳能电池可以增强未来‘涂漆式’太阳能电池的效能，”米特拉说：“有朝一日，我希望看到这种方法成为全世界家庭住户的廉价能源方案。” <br /> <br /> 这项研究成为英国皇家化学学会2007年6月21日出版的《<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>化学期刊》的封面文章，其标题是“为聚合物本体异质结型光电池设计的富勒烯单壁碳纳米管复合体”。 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 相关信息 <br /> <br /> <br /> * 什么是电池?<br /> 把化学能、光能、热能、核能等直接转换为电能的装置。如化学电池、太阳电池、温差电池、核电池等，其中化学电池通常简称电池。 <br /> <br /> * 什么是太阳能?<br /> 太阳能是太阳内部连续不断的核聚变反应过程产生的能量。 <br /> <br /> * 什么是碳纳米管?<br /> 1991年日本NEC公司的饭岛纯雄(Sumio Iijima)首次利用电子显微镜观察到中空的碳纤维，直径一般在几纳米到几十个纳米之间，长度为数微米，甚至毫米，称为“碳纳米管”。<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>分析和实验观察认为它是一种由六角网状的石墨烯片卷成的具有螺旋周期管状结构。正是由于饭岛的发现才真正引发了碳纳米管研究的热潮和近十年来碳纳米管科学和技术的飞速发展。按照石墨烯片的层数，可分为： 1) 单壁碳纳米管（Single-walled nanotubes, SWNTs）：由一层石墨烯片组成。单壁管典型的直径和长度分别为0.75～3nm和1～50μm。又称富勒管(Fullerenes tubes)。 2) 多壁碳纳米管（Multi-walled nanotubes, MWNTs）：含有多层石墨烯片。形状象个同轴电缆。其层数从2～50不等，层间距为0.34±0.01nm，与石墨层间距(0.34nm)相当。多壁管的典型直径和长度分别为2～30nm和0.1～50μm。</td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_352758" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_352758"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> <div id="p_btn" class="mtw mbm hm cl"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=favorite&type=thread&id=56332&formhash=e0a8eae8" id="k_favorite" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href, 'get', 0);" onmouseover="this.title = $('favoritenumber').innerHTML + ' 人收藏'" title="收藏本帖"><i><img src="static/image/common/fav.gif" alt="收藏" />收藏<span id="favoritenumber" style="display:none">0</span></i></a> <a class="followp" href="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=follow&op=relay&tid=56332&from=forum" onclick="showWindow('relaythread', this.href, 'get', 0);" title="转播求扩散"><i><img src="static/image/common/rt.png" alt="转播" />转播</i></a> <a class="sharep" href="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=share&type=thread&id=56332" 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