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</div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><style type="text/css">.pcb{margin-right:0}</style><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_162352"> <P>1 前言 </P> <P> 随着新<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>装置的开发,激光<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">加工</a>技术也取得了巨大进展。60～70年代是YAG激光器 </P> <P>与 </P> <P>CO2激光器的时代,主流是金属加工。进入80年代后,准分子激光器登场,发展为利用它的 </P> <P>短波 </P> <P>长对聚合物、瓷器等非金属<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>进行精密加工。进入90年代后,飞秒钛蓝宝石激光器进入 </P> <P>了 </P> <P>加工领域。其背景是时代对各种材料要求更精密的加工技术以及随着激光技术的进步,可 </P> <P>以 </P> <P>容易地得到飞秒领域的超短脉冲激光。的确,准分子激光器与以往的YAG激光器及CO2激光 </P> <P>器 </P> <P>相比,可以用于更精密的加工,但不适合金属材料的加工。而YAG激光器与CO2激光器基本 </P> <P>上属 </P> <P>于热加工,因此加工精度存题。与此?飞秒激光与材料的热扩散速度相比,能更快地在激光 </P> <P>照 </P> <P>射部位注入能量,即使是热扩散较快的金属材料也能提高加工精度。而且,通过利用多光 </P> <P>子吸 </P> <P>收,还能处理非线性吸收禁带宽的材料。此外,通过利用非线性效应正在开发打破以往激 </P> <P>光加 </P> <P>工常规的新加工方法。 </P> <P> 本文将介绍飞秒激光器应用于各种材料加工的情况,阐述用飞秒激光进行加工的现状 </P> <P>,并 </P> <P>将它与以往的纳秒/皮秒激光器进行比较,揭示飞秒激光加工的特性。 </P> <P>2 飞秒激光加工的特征 </P> <P>2.1 多光子吸收及能量缓和 </P> <P> 通常用纳秒激光器进行烧蚀加工所要求的激光参数是波长与注入能量(能量密度)。 </P> <P>与此 </P> <P>相比,使用飞秒激光进行烧蚀加工时,除了脉冲的持续时间外,激光的峰值强度也很重要。 </P> <P>这 </P> <P>是因为物质对它吸收时,依赖于激光强度的非线性过程起重要作用。 </P> <P> 如果1个光子的能量大于物质的电离能量和解离能量时,物质吸收1个光子后,状态将 </P> <P>会 </P> <P>飞 变化。这时,因为吸收系数不依赖于激光强度,离子数将会按照辐射强度成比例增 </P> <P>加。当 </P> <P>字 状态的能?大于1个光子的能量时,加大激光强度,就会产生同时吸收多个光子 </P> <P>的多光子吸 </P> <P>收现象。这时,一般将迁移所必须的光子数设为n,则吸收系数与光强度I的n次方成正比。 </P> <P> </P> <P> 通过这种多光子吸收,一旦生成自由<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>,该电子将在激光场被加速,得到运动能量 </P> <P>(逆制动辐射加热),与周围的原子或离子发生冲撞,产生2个电子。这种如同雪崩一样倍增 </P> <P>电子的 </P> <P>过程叫做雪崩电离。一旦达到离子雪崩,其后的激光吸收便受逆制动辐射过程控制,对于 </P> <P>金属 </P> <P>和导电体材料来说没有差异。激光脉宽小于100fs时,与电子碰撞造成的雪崩电离相比,激 </P> <P>光 </P> <P>场造成的直接光电离效果不能忽视,因此材料的差异变得明显。 </P> <P> 这些过程中生成的自由电子通过碰撞在100fs以下的短时间内达到热平衡态。储存在 </P> <P>该 </P> <P>电子体系的能量按皮秒级,以声子形式释放出来,激发固体中的晶格振动。晶格振动的能 </P> <P>量变 </P> <P>成热量扩散到固体中。这里,通过激光注入的能量第一次以被加工物质的温度上升这种形 </P> <P>式 </P> <P>出现。此后的热量向周围传递取决于物质固有的热力学特性。 </P> <P>2.2 通过高速能量注入进行局部加热 </P> <P> 利用飞秒激光进行加工的最大特点是与物质的热扩散时间相比,可以在极短的时间内 </P> <P>注 </P> <P>入能量。因此照射的激光能量没有在照射领域外损失,可以得到有效利用。 </P> <P> 将材料的热扩散系数设为D,激光的脉宽设为τ1,激光照射时的热扩散长LD可以用LD </P> <P>=(D </P> <P>τ1) 表示。这里的D=kT/ρCP,kT,ρ,CP分别表示热传导率、密度及热容量。即使是热 </P> <P>扩散 </P> <P>系数大的金属,热扩散长度LD在1ps时间内也只有10nm。金属表面吸收激光的长度只有表 </P> <P>皮厚 </P> <P>度左右(数<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>),脉宽为100fs时,激光照射时的热扩散可以忽略。因此,能量只在照射区 </P> <P>积蓄 </P> <P>,可以达到以往激光加工所无法达到的高温高密度状态。 </P> <P>2.3 等离子体屏蔽的回避 </P> <P> 如上所述,用脉冲激光照射固体表面时,将产生线性或非线性吸收,生成等离子体。这 </P> <P>种 </P> <P>高温高密度等离子体从固体表面向外喷出,产生烧蚀。通常的激光加工中,从固体表面喷 </P> <P>出并 </P> <P>膨胀的等离子体会吸收激光,通过等离子体中的热传导,使激光能量注入加工领域。当照 </P> <P>射激 </P> <P>光的脉宽与等离子体的形成时间相比足够长时,激光等离子体频率与照射激光频率达到平 </P> <P>衡 </P> <P>,即在临界密度领域被遮蔽,无法再继续进入物体。这就是所谓的等离子体屏蔽。临界密 </P> <P>度可 </P> <P>以用nc=meω2/4πe2来表示。式中me为电子质量,e为电子电荷,ω为激光频率。从可见光 </P> <P>到近红外的波长,其临界密?0(21)cm(-3)左右。 </P> <P> 由于激光照射,在固体表面产生的等离子体从表面向外 膨胀时的膨胀速度vp可以用 </P> <P>vp </P> <P>≈(zkBT/mi) 来表示。这里的z为离子价数,kBT为等离子体温度,mi为离子质量。现在将 </P> <P>等 </P> <P>离子体温度设为几十电子伏时,vp为～106cm/s,使用100fs以下超短脉冲激光时,可以看到 </P> <P>等 </P> <P>离子体膨胀前,激光照射就终止了。这也是使用飞秒激光在提高加工精度的同时又能提高 </P> <P>效 </P> <P>率的一个原因。 </P> <P>2.4 利用非线性效应进行局部加工 </P> <P> 飞秒激光加工的另一大特征是可以利用非线性效应进行物质内部的局部加工。如上 </P> <P>所述 </P> <P>,通过多光子吸收进行烧蚀时,在它的阈值附近,激光强度的极小差异也会带来很大的变化 </P> <P>。 </P> <P>一般激光呈高斯型空间强度分布。用这样的激光脉冲聚焦照射透明材料时,光束内只有一 </P> <P>部 </P> <P>分有限的区域达到阈值强度,产生反应。因此,可以在三维空间内的任意部位进行比光斑 </P> <P>更小 </P> <P>的加工。而且,通过扫描光束,原理上三维加工也是可能的。 </P> <P>3 各种材料的烧蚀 </P> <P>3.1 导电体的烧蚀 </P> <P> 下面将阐述一下用飞秒激光烧蚀透明(即禁带宽的)导电体材料的情况。 </P> <P> 有关石英等透明光学材料的激光损伤阈值已经得到了深入研究,我们知道当激光脉宽 </P> <P>大 </P> <P>于几十皮秒时,该阈值与脉宽的1/2次方成正比。为了产生烧蚀作用,供给自由电子的激光 </P> <P>能 </P> <P>量必须转换到晶格振动。从电子体系转换到晶格振动体系的能量转换时间常数为皮秒级 </P> <P>。因 </P> <P>此,当脉宽小于皮秒时, 帐淬兄到 会大大偏离1/2次方的法则,而且烧蚀后的表面状态也 </P> <P>会发 </P> <P>生变化。这种1/2次方法则的偏离与表面状态的变化,可以通过飞秒激光形成的超高速电 </P> <P>离来 </P> <P>解释。即当照射强度大于1012W/cm2时,与向晶格振动的能量转换相比,电子加热的速度非 </P> <P>常 </P> <P>快。因此,造成局部电子?形成离子雪崩电离,在电子密度到达临界密度之前激光被吸收。 </P> <P>这 </P> <P>时吸收了激光的等离子体标长由上述膨胀速度vp与脉宽的乘积来决定,使用飞秒脉冲时, </P> <P>激光 </P> <P>等离子体的长度远远小于其波长。往这种非常薄的区域里注入能量的结果是形成高温高 </P> <P>密度 </P> <P>的等离子相。激光照射后,该等离子体迅速膨胀,引起表面状态变化的同时,又迅速地被冷 </P> <P>却 </P> <P>,将其对周围的热影响控制在最小限度。 </P> <P> 在实际的加工中,使用纳秒脉冲时,由于热扩散,在照射区的外侧会形成熔融相。因此 </P> <P>用 </P> <P>它加工石英和玻璃等光学材料时的一个大问题是由于熔融相造成的热应力将会在加工小 </P> <P>孔的 </P> <P>周围产生裂缝。与此相比,使用飞秒激光就能避免裂缝的产生。以下将介绍一个例子,即 </P> <P>作为 </P> <P>光媒体备受关注的TiO2的烧蚀加工。由于TiO2的吸收端在430nm以下的紫外线区域,所以 </P> <P>从可 </P> <P>见光到近红外区都是透明的。图1示出在TiO2表面照射脉宽150fs的钛蓝宝石激光与脉宽 </P> <P>为 </P> <P>30ns的KrF激光后的扫描电子显微镜照片。可以看出使用飞秒钛蓝宝石激光时,没有出现 </P> <P>KrF </P> <P>激光照射后产生的熔融相种熔融相不仅会降低加工?还会造成热应力皲裂。使用飞秒激光 </P> <P>器 </P> <P>可以减小热影响,能如图2所示在很接近的部位打出多个小孔。 </P> <P> #attach 未命名.jpg </P> <P> #attach 2.jpg </P> <P>2 金属的烧蚀 </P> <P> 金属加工中,由于自由电子的等离子体振荡会造成反射,所以无法用低强度的如钛蓝 </P> <P>宝石 </P> <P>激光等可见光到近红外区的激光进行烧蚀。但是,当激光强度大于1010W/cm2时,将会引起 </P> <P>多 </P> <P>光子吸收,产生等离子体,这些等离子体又将吸收激光能量。在等离子体产生之 </P> <P>前,金属与导电体不同,由于表皮效应,对激光能量的吸收只限于表皮厚度极为浅表的部 </P> <P>分。如,波长为1μm时,表皮厚度只有3nm。图3示出将吸收长度假定为3nm时,用皮秒脉冲 </P> <P>激光 </P> <P>照射后金属<a href="http://opticalfilm.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">薄膜</a>内温度变化的计算结果。从图3可以看出,如果使用皮秒以下的超短脉冲 </P> <P>,几 </P> <P>乎没有热传导造成的照射激光能量的损失,可以将照射区附近的温度上升到升华点以上。 </P> <P>与此相比,脉宽长时,热量将从照射区扩散到很大的区域,温度上升不大。因此 </P> <P> #attach 4.jpg </P> <P> #attach 5.jpg </P> <P>,用纳秒激光进行加工时,激光照射区的外侧被熔融相包围,因为这种熔融相粘性较大,烧 </P> <P>蚀后 </P> <P>,小孔的表面和周围会形成突起物。 </P> <P> 图4是在厚度为750μm的不锈钢上以45°角打出直径为400μm小孔的截面图。激光的 </P> <P>重 </P> <P>复率为1kHz,脉宽为120fs。如图4(b)将它放大后,基本上看不到热量对熔融的影响,可以 </P> <P>看到 </P> <P>线条清晰的边缘。 </P> <P>3.3 生物体组织及特殊材料的加工 </P> <P> 热扩散造成的影响较小这一特点在要求尽量减小对加工区周围造成压力和震荡的生 </P> <P>物体 </P> <P>物质加工方面非常有用。 </P> <P> #attach 6.jpg </P> <P> 图5是用脉宽350fs和1.4ns的激光脉冲在10Hz频率下照射牙釉质后的表面状态。激光 </P> <P>波 </P> <P>长为1μm。可以看出使用纳秒激光,表面将产生绝缘破坏,由于震荡和热量造成的压力使 </P> <P>表面 </P> <P>开裂。与此相比,使用飞秒激光,没有照射区外的热扩散影响,可以非常干净地清除照射区 </P> <P>域 </P> <P>。 </P> <P> 在这一实验中,还对厚度为1mm的牙齿试样按烧蚀速度1μm/脉冲照射激光脉冲时的温 </P> <P>度 </P> <P>变化进行了测定。纳秒激光随着时间的推移温度也上升几十度,而飞秒激光几乎没有发生 </P> <P>温 </P> <P>度上升。这种温度的上升,在生物体应用方面非常重要,数度的温度上升可能会对生物体 </P> <P>组织 </P> <P>造成致命伤。而这种温度上升会在瞬间变成压力波传到神经细胞,产生痛感。因此,使用 </P> <P>飞秒 </P> <P>激光器可以实现无痛治疗。 </P> <P> 飞秒激光加工热负荷小、压力小的特点,还能有效地用于爆炸性化学物质等的切割加 </P> <P>。图6是其中一个例子。图片示出用1kHz、100fs的激光与0.5ns的激光切割直径6mm、厚 </P> <P>度 </P> <P>2mm的炸药后的情况。实验证明如果用0.5ns的激光,会由于热汉啥起火? </P> <P> #attach 7.jpg </P> <P>3.4 透明材料的改性 </P> <P> 石英玻璃、蓝宝石、各种光纤等透明光学材料与可见光或近红外的光子能量相比禁 </P> <P>带宽 </P> <P>,是用激光加工最困难的一类物质。但是,近年来,对它们进行精密加工的需求越来越多。 </P> <P>最 </P> <P>近,有大量实验正在利用飞秒激光引起的非线性效应对这些光学材料进行三维加工和改性 </P> <P>。 </P> <P>这里将介绍一下利用非线性效应进行光学材料的改性. </P> <P> #attach 8.jpg </P> <P>用纳秒激光等长脉冲激光照射光学材料时,会由于克尔效应从强度超过1012W/cm2的附近 </P> <P>产生 </P> <P>自聚焦,引起绝缘破坏,造成永久性损伤。与此相比,利用飞秒激光能够避免损伤,改变光 </P> <P>学材 </P> <P>料的表面和内部性能。 </P> <P> #attach 9.jpg </P> <P> 图7是从石英纤维的一端照射脉宽110fs、重复率1kHz的钛蓝宝石激光,对中心部分进 </P> <P>行 </P> <P>改性的情况。这时,激光强度达到阈值时,自聚焦与伴随电离产生的自发散达到平衡,激光 </P> <P>脉 </P> <P>冲在保持一定大小的小孔情况下传播,即产生所谓的沟道。在显微镜下观测产生沟道的区 </P> <P>域 </P> <P>,可以看到长约10mm,直径5μm的区域得到了改性。图8是被改性区折射率的测定结果,可 </P> <P>以看 </P> <P>出经过飞秒激光照射,折射率增加了0.02～0.03。图9是在此纤维中透过He-Ne激光,对透 </P> <P>过光 </P> <P>束空间形状的观测结果,可以看出得到了单一模式。 </P> <P>附图: 11.jpg (用www方式阅读本文可以浏览此图片) </P> <P>4 总结 几年前,谁也没有想到利用飞秒激光进行加 </P> <P>工会变得如此实用。但是,最近的飞秒激光技 </P> <P>术的发展非常迅猛,随着装置的小型化及操作性能的提高,在加工现场实现实用化也变得 </P> <P>现实 </P> <P>起来。从以上介绍的一些例子可以看出,飞秒激光具有的潜在能力有非常大的魅力。尤其 </P> <P>是 </P> <P>光学元件的精密加工,以后将变得越来越重要。我们期待着今后的发展。 </P></td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_162352" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_162352"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> <div id="p_btn" class="mtw mbm hm cl"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=favorite&type=thread&id=21913&formhash=822a8fc2" id="k_favorite" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href, 'get', 0);" onmouseover="this.title = $('favoritenumber').innerHTML + ' 人收藏'" title="收藏本帖"><i><img src="static/image/common/fav.gif" alt="收藏" />收藏<span id="favoritenumber" style="display:none">0</span></i></a> <a class="followp" 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</div><div class="postaaa posta1" id="post_169349" ><table id="pid169349" class="plhin" summary="pid169349" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td class="pls" rowspan="2"> <div id="favatar169349" class="pls favatar"> <div class="pi"> <div class="authi"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-10008.html" target="_blank" class="xw1" style="color: #FF00CC">zqxc60</a> </div> </div> <div class="p_pop blk bui card_gender_" id="userinfo169349" style="display: none; margin-top: -11px;"> <div class="m z"> <div id="userinfo169349_ma"></div> </div> <div class="i y"> <div> <strong><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-10008.html" target="_blank" class="xi2" style="color: #FF00CC">zqxc60</a></strong> <em>当前离线</em> </div><dl class="cl"> <dt>积分</dt><dd><a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=10008&do=profile" target="_blank" class="xi2">2886</a></dd> </dl><div class="imicn"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=10008&do=profile" target="_blank" title="查看详细资料"><img src="static/image/common/userinfo.gif" alt="查看详细资料" /></a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=showip&idtype=user&id=zqxc60" id="a_showip_li_169349" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/showip.small.gif" alt="" /> IP卡</a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=checkonline&idtype=user&id=zqxc60" id="a_repent_169349" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/checkonline.small.gif" alt="" /> 狗仔卡</a> </div> <div id="avatarfeed"><span id="threadsortswait"></span></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="avatar"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-10008.html" class="avtm" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=10008&size=middle" /></a></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="plc"> <div class="pi"> <strong> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=21913&pid=169349" id="postnum169349" onclick="setCopy(this.href, '帖子地址复制成功');return false;"> <em>2</em>楼</a> </strong> <div class="pti"> <div class="pdbt"> </div> <div class="authi"> <img class="authicn vm" id="authicon169349" src="static/image/common/online_member.gif" /> <em id="authorposton169349">发表于 2004-6-29 03:03:00</em> <span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=21913&page=1&authorid=10008" rel="nofollow">只看该作者</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_169349"> <P>好文章，我师兄跟我说飞秒激光器前途光明，当初没理解为什么，现在终于知道了，</P></td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_169349" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_169349"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> </td> </tr> <tr id="_postposition169349"></tr> <tr> <td class="pls"></td> <td class="plc" style="overflow:visible;"> <div class="po hin"> <div class="pob cl"> <em> <a class="fastre" href="forum.php?mod=post&action=reply&fid=7&tid=21913&repquote=169349&extra=&page=1" onclick="showWindow('reply', this.href)">回复</a> <a class="replyadd" href="forum.php?mod=misc&action=postreview&do=support&tid=21913&pid=169349&hash=822a8fc2" onclick="showWindow('login', this.href)" onmouseover="this.title = ($('review_support_169349').innerHTML ? $('review_support_169349').innerHTML : 0) + ' 人 支持'">支持 <span id="review_support_169349"></span></a> <a class="replysubtract" href="forum.php?mod=misc&action=postreview&do=against&tid=21913&pid=169349&hash=822a8fc2" onclick="showWindow('login', this.href)" onmouseover="this.title = ($('review_against_169349').innerHTML ? $('review_against_169349').innerHTML : 0) + ' 人 反对'">反对 <span id="review_against_169349"></span></a> </em> <p> <a href="javascript:;" id="mgc_post_169349" onmouseover="showMenu(this.id)" class="showmenu">使用道具</a> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow('miscreport169349', 'misc.php?mod=report&rtype=post&rid=169349&tid=21913&fid=7', 'get', -1);return false;">举报</a> </p> <ul id="mgc_post_169349_menu" class="p_pop mgcmn" style="display: none;"> <li><a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=namepost&idtype=pid&id=169349:21913" id="a_namepost_169349" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static/image/magic/namepost.small.gif" />显身卡</a><li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript" reload="1">checkmgcmn('post_169349')</script> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr class="ad"> <td class="pls"> </td> <td class="plc"> </td> </tr> </table> </div><div class="postaaa posta2" id="post_169682" ><table id="pid169682" class="plhin" summary="pid169682" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td class="pls" rowspan="2"> <div id="favatar169682" class="pls favatar"> <div class="pi"> <div class="authi"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-16676.html" target="_blank" class="xw1" style="color: #FF99FF">shplaser</a> </div> </div> <div class="p_pop blk bui card_gender_" id="userinfo169682" style="display: none; margin-top: -11px;"> <div class="m z"> <div id="userinfo169682_ma"></div> </div> <div class="i y"> <div> <strong><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-16676.html" target="_blank" class="xi2" style="color: #FF99FF">shplaser</a></strong> <em>当前离线</em> </div><dl class="cl"> <dt>积分</dt><dd><a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=16676&do=profile" target="_blank" class="xi2">603</a></dd> </dl><div class="imicn"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=16676&do=profile" target="_blank" title="查看详细资料"><img src="static/image/common/userinfo.gif" alt="查看详细资料" /></a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=showip&idtype=user&id=shplaser" id="a_showip_li_169682" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/showip.small.gif" alt="" /> IP卡</a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=checkonline&idtype=user&id=shplaser" id="a_repent_169682" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/checkonline.small.gif" alt="" /> 狗仔卡</a> </div> <div id="avatarfeed"><span id="threadsortswait"></span></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="avatar"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-16676.html" class="avtm" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=16676&size=middle" /></a></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="plc"> <div class="pi"> <strong> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=21913&pid=169682" id="postnum169682" onclick="setCopy(this.href, '帖子地址复制成功');return false;"> <em>3</em>楼</a> </strong> <div class="pti"> <div class="pdbt"> </div> <div class="authi"> <img class="authicn vm" id="authicon169682" src="static/image/common/online_member.gif" /> <em id="authorposton169682">发表于 2004-6-29 21:45:00</em> <span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=21913&page=1&authorid=16676" rel="nofollow">只看该作者</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_169682"> 但是国内飞秒技术的发展非常缓慢。</td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_169682" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_169682"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> </td> </tr> <tr id="_postposition169682"></tr> <tr> <td class="pls"></td> <td class="plc" style="overflow:visible;"> <div class="po hin"> <div class="pob cl"> <em> <a class="fastre" href="forum.php?mod=post&action=reply&fid=7&tid=21913&repquote=169682&extra=&page=1" onclick="showWindow('reply', this.href)">回复</a> <a class="replyadd" href="forum.php?mod=misc&action=postreview&do=support&tid=21913&pid=169682&hash=822a8fc2" onclick="showWindow('login', this.href)" onmouseover="this.title = ($('review_support_169682').innerHTML ? $('review_support_169682').innerHTML : 0) + ' 人 支持'">支持 <span id="review_support_169682"></span></a> <a class="replysubtract" href="forum.php?mod=misc&action=postreview&do=against&tid=21913&pid=169682&hash=822a8fc2" onclick="showWindow('login', this.href)" onmouseover="this.title = ($('review_against_169682').innerHTML ? $('review_against_169682').innerHTML : 0) + ' 人 反对'">反对 <span id="review_against_169682"></span></a> </em> <p> <a href="javascript:;" id="mgc_post_169682" onmouseover="showMenu(this.id)" class="showmenu">使用道具</a> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow('miscreport169682', 'misc.php?mod=report&rtype=post&rid=169682&tid=21913&fid=7', 'get', -1);return false;">举报</a> </p> <ul id="mgc_post_169682_menu" class="p_pop mgcmn" style="display: none;"> <li><a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=namepost&idtype=pid&id=169682:21913" id="a_namepost_169682" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static/image/magic/namepost.small.gif" />显身卡</a><li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript" reload="1">checkmgcmn('post_169682')</script> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr class="ad"> <td class="pls"> </td> <td class="plc"> </td> </tr> </table> </div><div class="postaaa posta3" id="post_173399" ><table id="pid173399" class="plhin" summary="pid173399" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td class="pls" rowspan="2"> <div id="favatar173399" class="pls favatar"> <div class="pi"> <div class="authi"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-15656.html" target="_blank" class="xw1" style="color: #0033CC">likang80</a> </div> </div> <div class="p_pop blk bui card_gender_" id="userinfo173399" style="display: none; margin-top: -11px;"> <div class="m z"> <div id="userinfo173399_ma"></div> </div> <div class="i y"> <div> <strong><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-15656.html" target="_blank" class="xi2" style="color: #0033CC">likang80</a></strong> <em>当前离线</em> </div><dl class="cl"> <dt>积分</dt><dd><a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=15656&do=profile" target="_blank" class="xi2">988</a></dd> </dl><div class="imicn"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=15656&do=profile" target="_blank" title="查看详细资料"><img src="static/image/common/userinfo.gif" alt="查看详细资料" /></a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=showip&idtype=user&id=likang80" id="a_showip_li_173399" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/showip.small.gif" alt="" /> IP卡</a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=checkonline&idtype=user&id=likang80" id="a_repent_173399" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/checkonline.small.gif" alt="" /> 狗仔卡</a> </div> <div id="avatarfeed"><span id="threadsortswait"></span></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="avatar"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-15656.html" class="avtm" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=15656&size=middle" /></a></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="plc"> <div class="pi"> <strong> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=21913&pid=173399" id="postnum173399" onclick="setCopy(this.href, '帖子地址复制成功');return false;"> <em>4</em>楼</a> </strong> <div class="pti"> <div class="pdbt"> </div> <div class="authi"> <img class="authicn vm" id="authicon173399" src="static/image/common/online_member.gif" /> <em id="authorposton173399">发表于 2004-7-9 16:42:00</em> <span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=21913&page=1&authorid=15656" rel="nofollow">只看该作者</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_173399"> <P><FONT face=宋体>斑竹对这个挺关心的呀!</FONT></P><P><FONT face=宋体>我是国家瞬态实验室的,你应该知道,我的师哥就是搞的飞秒激光加工,</FONT></P><P><FONT face=宋体>内容和你说的一样,作3维存储和生物体的加工.</FONT></P><P><FONT face=宋体>现在已经结题了</FONT></P></td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_173399" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_173399"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> </td> </tr> <tr id="_postposition173399"></tr> <tr> <td class="pls"></td> <td class="plc" style="overflow:visible;"> <div class="po hin"> <div class="pob cl"> <em> <a class="fastre" href="forum.php?mod=post&action=reply&fid=7&tid=21913&repquote=173399&extra=&page=1" onclick="showWindow('reply', this.href)">回复</a> <a class="replyadd" href="forum.php?mod=misc&action=postreview&do=support&tid=21913&pid=173399&hash=822a8fc2" onclick="showWindow('login', this.href)" onmouseover="this.title = ($('review_support_173399').innerHTML ? $('review_support_173399').innerHTML : 0) + ' 人 支持'">支持 <span id="review_support_173399"></span></a> <a class="replysubtract" href="forum.php?mod=misc&action=postreview&do=against&tid=21913&pid=173399&hash=822a8fc2" onclick="showWindow('login', this.href)" onmouseover="this.title = ($('review_against_173399').innerHTML ? $('review_against_173399').innerHTML : 0) + ' 人 反对'">反对 <span id="review_against_173399"></span></a> </em> <p> <a href="javascript:;" id="mgc_post_173399" onmouseover="showMenu(this.id)" class="showmenu">使用道具</a> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow('miscreport173399', 'misc.php?mod=report&rtype=post&rid=173399&tid=21913&fid=7', 'get', -1);return false;">举报</a> </p> <ul id="mgc_post_173399_menu" class="p_pop mgcmn" style="display: none;"> <li><a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=namepost&idtype=pid&id=173399:21913" id="a_namepost_173399" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static/image/magic/namepost.small.gif" />显身卡</a><li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript" reload="1">checkmgcmn('post_173399')</script> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr class="ad"> <td class="pls"> </td> <td class="plc"> </td> </tr> </table> </div><div class="postaaa posta4" id="post_174740" ><table id="pid174740" class="plhin" summary="pid174740" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td class="pls" rowspan="2"> <div id="favatar174740" class="pls favatar"> <a name="lastpost"></a><div class="pi"> <div class="authi"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-13785.html" target="_blank" class="xw1" style="color: #0033CC">qggq222</a> </div> </div> <div class="p_pop blk bui card_gender_" id="userinfo174740" style="display: none; margin-top: -11px;"> <div class="m z"> <div id="userinfo174740_ma"></div> </div> <div class="i y"> <div> <strong><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-13785.html" target="_blank" class="xi2" style="color: #0033CC">qggq222</a></strong> <em>当前离线</em> </div><dl class="cl"> <dt>积分</dt><dd><a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=13785&do=profile" target="_blank" class="xi2">1772</a></dd> </dl><div class="imicn"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=13785&do=profile" target="_blank" title="查看详细资料"><img src="static/image/common/userinfo.gif" alt="查看详细资料" /></a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=showip&idtype=user&id=qggq222" id="a_showip_li_174740" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/showip.small.gif" alt="" /> IP卡</a> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=magic&mid=checkonline&idtype=user&id=qggq222" id="a_repent_174740" class="xi2" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href)"><img src="static//image/magic/checkonline.small.gif" alt="" /> 狗仔卡</a> </div> <div id="avatarfeed"><span id="threadsortswait"></span></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="avatar"><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-13785.html" class="avtm" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=13785&size=middle" /></a></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="plc"> <div class="pi"> <strong> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=21913&pid=174740" id="postnum174740" onclick="setCopy(this.href, '帖子地址复制成功');return false;"> <em>5</em>楼</a> </strong> <div class="pti"> <div class="pdbt"> </div> <div class="authi"> <img class="authicn vm" id="authicon174740" src="static/image/common/online_member.gif" /> <em id="authorposton174740">发表于 2004-7-13 18:09:00</em> <span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=21913&page=1&authorid=13785" rel="nofollow">只看该作者</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_174740"> 楼主能不能编辑一下，看着不舒服。</td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_174740" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_174740"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> </td> </tr> <tr id="_postposition174740"></tr> <tr> <td class="pls"></td> <td class="plc" style="overflow:visible;"> <div class="po hin"> <div class="pob cl"> <em> <a class="fastre" href="forum.php?mod=post&action=reply&fid=7&tid=21913&repquote=174740&extra=&page=1" onclick="showWindow('reply', this.href)">回复</a> <a class="replyadd" href="forum.php?mod=misc&action=postreview&do=support&tid=21913&pid=174740&hash=822a8fc2" 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