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<strong> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/thread-59838-1-1.html" id="postnum374710" onclick="setCopy(this.href, '帖子地址复制成功');return false;"> <em>1</em>楼</a> </strong> <div class="pti"> <div class="pdbt"> </div> <div class="authi"> <img class="authicn vm" id="authicon374710" src="static/image/common/online_supermod.gif" /> <em id="authorposton374710">发表于 2007-9-26 23:38:54</em> <span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=59838&page=1&authorid=2598" rel="nofollow">只看该作者</a> <span class="none"><img src="static/image/common/arw_r.gif" class="vm" alt="回帖奖励" /></span> <span class="pipe show">|</span><a href="http://bbs.oecr.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=59838&extra=&ordertype=1" class="show">倒序浏览</a> <span class="pipe show">|</span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="readmode($('thread_subject').innerHTML, 374710);" class="show">阅读模式</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><style type="text/css">.pcb{margin-right:0}</style><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_374710"> 将本页加入书签 Del.icio.us Google书签 添加到百度搜藏 后一项 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 本作品采用知识共享 "署名 2.5 中国大陆" 许可协议授权 <br /> 订阅最新更新! <br /> <br /> 光子阻塞：用光子来模拟<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a><br /> <br /> <br /> 作者：Mark Buchanan 文，葛韶锋 译<br /> 提交人：gesf （2007年9月17日 周一）<br /> 类型：news article （English）<br /> 引用网址：<a href="http://www.qiji.cn/eprint/abs/3524.html" target="_blank">http://www.qiji.cn/eprint/abs/3524.html</a><br /> 注释：Light Impersonates Electrons，Physical Review Focus, 5 September 2007；译文：1423字<br /> 相关网址：<a href="http://focus.aps.org/story/v20/st8" target="_blank">http://focus.aps.org/story/v20/st8</a><br /> <br /> <br /> 摘要/内容： <br /> <br /> 光子相互之间通常不会发生相互作用，它们就像鬼魅一样相互穿越，但是它们有时候可以通过原子媒介相互影响。在九月七日即将发表的《<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">物理</a>学评论快报》上，一个研究小组提出了一种新的方法，可以将光子间通过原子媒介产生的相互作用极大地增强，其强度可以达到目前所能想象的十倍。这个方案将有可能使得研究者们制备出纯粹由光子组成的物质，并且可以用它们更深入地探<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>子液体和固体的物理性质。 <br /> <br /> <br /> 晶态的光：在通常状态下可以在一串空腔中自由穿梭（顶部的图）的光子（图中由黄色表示）被它们之间的排斥力冻结起来（底部的图）。光子间的这种排斥力是由<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>将合适的原子（图中由红色表示）打入空腔而产生的。（图片由伦敦皇家学院的M. Hartmann提供） <br /> <br /> 物理学家们可以在透明硅的微观圆环状结构或是其它的小结构中将光子储存相对长的一段时间。将大量这种“空腔”（Cavity）连接起来并在光子之间诱导出相互作用的话，就可以制备出多光子系统，在这样的系统中，光子的行为就如同奇异固态系统中的电子一样。除了这样的系统本身非常罕见之外，研究者们希望能够用它们来探测高温超导体和其它特殊<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>的物理性质。 <br /> <br /> 为了让光子之间具有相互作用，<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>家们建议在空腔中放入额外的原子。比如，可以在每个硅空腔中放入几个不同元素的原子。按照量子理论，如果以正确的方式用激光驱动这些原子，它们可以引导产生所谓的光子阻塞效应（Photon Blockade）：与一个空腔中可以同时容纳几个光子相反，一个空腔和几个额外的原子组成的单个系统中只能够接纳单一的一个光子，而光子间的排斥效应将其它的光子排斥在外。实验物理学家们已经通过实验证实了在单个的空腔系统中可以产生这种光子阻塞效应。但是在一排空腔组成的体系中，光子可以从一个空腔穿梭到另外的一个空腔中，并将原来的那个光子排挤出来，在同一个空腔中没有办法同时容纳另外一个光子。这些光子将表现出类似于电子在某些奇异固态中相互作用的行为。 <br /> <br /> 为了使得之前提出来的建议更为切实可行，理论家们发现光子的能量必须是一部分被额外的原子储存、而另外一部分被空腔储存。这种将能量部分地储存在电子态中的方式将使得实验家们精确地调节光源从而得到强的光子间相互作用变得十分困难。但是来自伦敦皇家学院（Imperial College London）的Michael Hartmann和Martin Plenio现在从理论上发现，正确地选择原子态和激光强度将使得光子的能量只被储存在空腔中。Hartmann说：“这使我们能够更加自由地使用原子以及它们与光子之间的相互作用。”这一方法提出之后，研究者们通过计算发现，光子之间的有效排斥作用比起之前建议的方案所能产生的强度高出十倍左右。 <br /> <br /> 他们更进一步地提出，光子间的排斥作用强到足以产生所谓的莫特绝缘体（Mott Insulator）态，处于这种态中不同空腔中的光子会形成一个阻塞阀（Log-Jam），每个光子将使得与它邻近的光子没有办法自由穿梭。物理学家们在被俘获的原子以及固体中的电子集合体中发现过这种冻结态（Frozen State）的信号。Plenio说：“但是如果能够用光子达到这个目标，那也就意味着制备出了光的<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">晶体</a>。” <br /> <br /> 在实验上实现这样的一个系统看来不会是很遥远的事情。Hartmann说：“我希望能够在二到五年内实现这一目标，虽然这很难确定。” <br /> <br /> 除了探索奇异的新物理，一个强相互作用的多光子体系还可以被用来模拟任何量子固体或是液体，这就为研究者们提供了一条更为简便的途径，来探测实验上很难做到的多粒子系统。除了可以用来作为“量子模拟器”外，俘获的光子可以为量子计算提供技术，比如单光子源。来自英国剑桥大学的Charles Tahan说：“让人兴奋的地方在于，拥有了制备新物质形态的能力。” <br /> <br /> 原始文献： <br /> Strong Photon Nonlinearities and Photonic Mott Insulators <br /> Michael J. Hartmann and Martin B. Plenio <br /> Phys. Rev. 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