请教：什么是空间孤子(spatial soliton)？

ylw532 · *发表于* 2007-6-23 13:58:32

请教：什么是空间孤子(spatial soliton)？，谢谢

t0y · *发表于* 2007-6-24 02:42:50

In optics, the term soliton is used to refer to any optical field that does not change during propagation because of a delicate balance between nonlinear and linear effects in the medium. There are two main kinds of solitons:

* spatial solitons空间光孤子: the nonlinear effect can balance the diffraction. The electromagnetic field can change the refractive index of the medium while propagating, thus creating a structure similar to a graded-index fiber. If the field is also a propagating mode of the guide it has created, then it will remain confined and it will propagate without changing its shape（非线性效应和衍射效应互相抵消产生空间光孤子）

* temporal solitons时间光孤子: if the electromagnetic field is already spatially confined, it is possible to send pulses that will not change their shape because the nonlinear effects will balance the dispersion（非线性效应和色散效应互相抵消产生时间光孤子）. Those solitons were discovered first and they are often simply referred as "solitons" in optics.