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547120);" class="show">阅读模式</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><style type="text/css">.pcb{margin-right:0}</style><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_547120"> <a href="http://www.light-wavechina.com/yueduzazhi/chanpinzouxiang/2007-05-24/391.html" target="_blank">http://www.light-wavechina.com/y ... 2007-05-24/391.html</a><br /> <br /> 随着接入网建设的进一步展开，运营商铺设的光纤正越来越靠近最终用户，使得中心局（CO）由于线缆跳线太多而“乱得像老鼠窝一样”（运营商语）。已经有一些厂商开始宣称自动光纤管理技术（AFM）能够解决CO中光缆成灾的问题，但AFM的成本降至运营商满意的每端100美元以前应该暂时不会得到广泛的应用。gZe光波<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">通信</a><br /> gZe光波通信<br /> AFM领域主要有四家厂商，尽管他们各有自己的专有技术，但其本质是相同的：替换原有的人工接线盘和光纤配线架（FDF）。gZe光波通信<br /> AFM设备的不同之处在于它具备更多的智能特性，其自动交换矩阵能够把复合光纤A和B连接起来。Calient Networks（<a href="http://www.calient.net" target="_blank">www.calient.net</a>）和Glimmerglass（<a href="http://www.glimmerglass.com" target="_blank">www.glimmerglass.com</a>）的交换矩阵是基于微<a href="http://machine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">机电</a>系统（MEMS）技术的；Polatis（<a href="http://www.polatis.com" target="_blank">www.polatis.com</a>）采用压电光束导向技术实现不同光纤之间的连接；而以色列FiberZone Networks公司（<a href="http://www.fiberzone-networks.com" target="_blank">www.fiberzone-networks.com</a>）把自己的技术称为自动光耦合，该技术利用高精度马达精确地控制光纤位置。gZe光波通信<br /> 现有的接线板和FDF都是价格低廉的无源设备，这给AFM技术带来了不小的挑战：从光学性能的角度来说，它必须是透明的；插损和回损必须足够低，因为运营商不愿意为了引入新的接线设备而重做光功率预算。gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> 此外，AFM设备还必须有着足够低的成本。Verizon Business网络技术发展总监Glenn Wellbrock称Verizon希望AFM系统价格在每端口100美元左右。Wellbrock表示Verizon目前遇到的最大问题之一是带跳线连接器的成本，这种塑料器件插在接线板的背面，一头是一个连接器，另一头是跳线。使用标准的零件，带跳线连接器价格在100美元左右。gZe光波通信<br /> 运营商也许愿意为自动连线设备付出稍高一些的成本，但不能比现有接线板和FDF贵太多。gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> 光纤管理应用gZe光波通信<br /> Calient Networks的<a href="http://b.oecr.com/sell" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">产品</a>已经作为与铜缆技术中DAC类似的解决方案推向市场。Calient Networks并没有使用“自动光纤管理”这一术语，而是称为光纤交叉连接系统（FOCS）。据公司产品营销总监Jim Diestel介绍，这一说法已取得了运营商的共识。“工程师们对于DAC刚推出时机房中的电缆系统的配置和升级简化、故障上报程式化、灵活性提高等好处还记忆犹新。”gZe光波通信<br /> 令运营商最头疼的线缆管理问题可以简单地归结为跳线太多。Wellbrock引用了纽约第七大街机房里的接线板作为例证，它有两个过道那么长，在有些地方有2到3层楼那么高。“没人愿意碰它，”他承认，“因为上面运行着业务，没有人愿意给自己惹麻烦。与其整理这些光纤和电缆，倒不如随它去好了。放弃的结果是这些线缆很快就没有办法管理了。”<br /> <br /> gZe光波通信<br /> AFM设备的潜在应用领域与其供应商一样五花八门。Glimmerglass负责公司发展的副总裁Michael McLaughlin描述了两类关键的应用：频繁改动或要求迅速更改光纤连接的场合。gZe光波通信<br /> 第一类应用主要包括网络监控、故障的隔离和排除等。大多数运营商都不希望CO是完全没有管理的，即使在远端局有可能是这样。AFM为他们提供了一种简化并更有效率的方法，现有的技术人员就足以应付未来可能出现的应用需求。“这意味着给你的专家增加了新的工作，而非为新的工作培养更多的专家，”Calient的Diestel认为。“你需要远端接入、在网络运行中心（NOC）配置网络、诊断故障，需要时才精确地调度资源。”gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> 图解：AFM厂商正在开发尺寸更小、成本更低的设备以促进其广泛应用。Glimmerglass最近发布了第四代智能光交换机产品系列，能够在2U高度（图中将其与普通CD进行对比）的机框内实现190根光纤连接 ，4U高度则支持380根光纤连接。gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> 当网络配置需要修改时，无论这样的修改频繁与否，该操作都必须在数毫秒的时间内完成，这对于技术人员来说实际上是不可能做到的。McLaughlin表示在这样的情况下AFM能够使网络免遭损失。举例来说，当<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电路</a>板故障或光缆中断时，AFM能够及时地把业务切到冗余路径上去，确保运营商实现高等级的服务质量。<br /> <br /> AFM应用于FTTXgZe光波通信<br /> 随着接入网中部署的光纤越来越多，AFM供应商开始宣扬其产品是化解即将出现的“光纤危机”的良方，就像Diestel提到的那样。Verizon和AT&T等大力推广FTTX战略的运营商“正为如何管理所有的光纤伤透了脑筋。”他说。gZe光波通信<br /> FiberZone Networks市场和业务发展副总裁Sandy Roskes报告说，规模部署FTTX的运营商都对光纤管理技术饶有兴趣，目的是尽可能减少安装和连接时的工作量。例如FiberZone的AFM-400就可以部署在光缆数量众多的局站中，尤其是CO。他还考虑到了运营商在同一站点安放数个分路器，从而构成集中式分路结构的应用场景。“可能有数百个用户从一个站点接进来，”他说，“这时AFM是一个很好的解决方案。”gZe光波通信<br /> 由于光纤尺寸小、信号速率高，即使很小的微尘都可能严重影响光信号，因此每次连接光纤时都必须首先做好清洁工作。使用AFM系统自动连接光纤避免了每次连接都必须清洗接头。gZe光波通信<br /> Diestel还提到了在接入网中采用AFM可以使得网络升级更加方便。“如果我现在有一根通往中心局OLT的光纤，当需要把OLT更换成下一代GPON设备——支持64:1分光比而不是目前的32:1——我必须把这根光纤拔下来，重新插到另一个设备上去，”Diestel解释道，“但是如果有了光交换机，我就可以先连好新的OLT，再把光纤切过去。新系统已经安装完毕并做好了清洁工作，这样我就能从容地断开老设备。”gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> 得益于被其称为“重大的、突破性的设计和制造技术”，Calient Networks的DiamondWave FiberConnect平台的价格已经能够吸引运营商将其部署在其FTTX接入网中。gZe光波通信<br /> gZe光波通信<br /> Calient Networks期望在接入网扩容浪潮中有所建树，该公司已经开发了若干新技术来降低其光交换机的成本。2002年公司的第一批产品发货时每端口的成本在10,000到12,000美元之间，而今天已经能大量提供每端口价格小于300美元的光交换机，据Diestel透露价格在200美元左右。他把产品成本的持续下降归功于Calient拥有专利的反馈电路，它能使交换机不断地寻找优化的连接。另外，他还提到Calient改进了生产<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">工艺</a>，将每块晶圆可产出的微镜矩阵从4个提高到了12个。gZe光波通信<br /> FiberZone的Roskes同样相信如果AFM设备采用了低成本的器件就能够满足运营商广泛部署接入网络的价格需求。“它必须采用已经量产的器件，利用规模生产带来的成本优势，”他说，“而且器件的集成方式必须简单。达到这些要求的产品可以满足价格要求。”gZe光波通信<br /> Glimmerglass的McLaughlin则认为AFM技术在近期内还不能满足FTTX应用所要求的经济性。但他也认为，“家庭应用数量是非常庞大的，数量庞大就有可能大幅降低成本，这和硅技术的特性有关。所以这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题，”他承认，“谁会率先爆发？谁会让我们所有人都跑到供应商那里说，‘好吧，给你一个大单。我们商量一下订货量吧。’”gZe光波通信<br /> McLaughlin认为这种可能性发生的动因可能是几个或某个Verizon这样的主要运营商自告奋勇地说，‘是的，我们准备这么干了。’一旦Verizon提出这样的需求，产业链上下游的供应商们就有了大干一场的动力。</td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_547120" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_547120"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> <div id="p_btn" class="mtw mbm hm cl"> <a 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