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class="show">阅读模式</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><style type="text/css">.pcb{margin-right:0}</style><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_1202855"> 今年夏天，一个冰柜大小的盒子将被送往国际空间站，在那里它将创造宇宙中最冷的地方。<br /> <br /> 在那个盒子里，有<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>器、真空室和电磁“刀”将被用来抵消气体粒子的能量，使它们减速，直到它们几乎静止不动。这套仪器被称为冷原子实验室（CAL），是由在加利福尼亚州帕萨迪纳的美国航空航天局的喷气推进实验室开发。原子实验室在喷气推进实验室中，目前处于装配的最后阶段，将在今年八月份乘坐SpaceX CRS-12飞船飞达国际空间站。<br /> <br /> 这种仪器被设计成将气体原子冻结到高于绝对零度的十亿分之一度。这比太空深处冷了1亿倍多。<br /> <br /> “研究这些超冷原子能改变我们对物质的基本认识和万有引力的基本性质，”喷气推进实验室原子实验室项目的科学家Robert Thompson说。“我们将要在冷原子实验室做的实验将让我们深入了解宇宙中一些最普遍的力量的重力和暗能量。”<br /> <br /> 在原子冷却实验室内部，当原子冷却到极端的温度时，它们可以形成一个明确的物质状态被称为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。在这种状态下，熟悉规则<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">物理</a>退去，量子物理学定律开始显现。物质可以观察到行为不像粒子，更像波浪。一排排的原子彼此移动，仿佛它们是正在移动着织物。这些神秘的波形从来没有在温度如原子实验室这样低的情况下观察过，而今将要实现。<br /> <br /> 美国宇航局以前从来没有创建或在空间内观测的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体。在地球上，引力的作用使得原子不断地向地面沉降，这意味着它们通常只能观察几分之一秒钟。<br /> <br /> 但在国际空间站，超冷原子可以保持他们的波浪状的形式的时长比自由落体情形下要长很多。这为科学家提供了一个更长的窗口来理解最基本层次的物理学原理。Thompson估计，原子实验室将允许玻色爱因斯坦凝聚态的可观测时间窗为5到10秒；随着未来技术的发展，将有望可以让他们持续几百秒。<br /> <br /> 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的是一个“超流体”，一种零粘度的流体，即无摩擦情形下的原子运动，若整体是一个固体物质。<br /> <br /> “如果你有超水转在一个玻璃，它将永远旋转下去，”Anita Sengupta说，他是喷气推进实验室，冷原子实验室的项目经理。“有没有粘度减慢和消散原子的运动和动能。如果我们能更好地了解超流体物理，我们可以学习利用这种特性更有效的传递能量。”<br /> <br /> 五个科学小组计划用冷原子实验室进行实验，其中包括科罗拉多大学的Eric Cornell，Boulder和美国国家标准与技术研究所。Cornell首先创造了实验室中的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚态，并在1995年获得了诺贝尔奖。<br /> <br /> 这些实验的结果可能会有助于一些技术的改进，包括<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">传感</a>器，量子计算机和航天器导航中使用的原子钟。<br /> <br /> 尤其令人兴奋的是暗能量检测的相关应用，喷气推进实验室的Kamal Oudrhiri说，他是该原子实验室项目副经理。他指出，目前的宇宙学模型将宇宙分成大约百分之27个暗物质，百分之68个暗能量和大约百分之5个普通物质。<br /> <br /> “这意味着，即使所有的现有技术，我们对于宇宙的百分之95仍然是盲目的，”Oudrhiri说。“就像伽利略第一架望远镜中的一个新镜头一样，冷原子实验室中的超灵敏冷原子有可能解开许多已知物理学之外的谜团。”<br /> <br /> 冷原子实验室目前正处于<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>阶段，并准备将它运送到弗罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角。<br /> <br /> “我们在地上的下一个月的测试，以确保我们可以在太空中进行操作和远程调控，并最终实现未来几年从中学习丰富的原子物理系统，”Dave Aveline说，他是喷气推进实验室的领导。<br /> <br /> </td></tr></table> <div class="ptg mbm mtn"> <a title="美国宇航局" href="misc.php?mod=tag&id=5286" target="_blank">美国宇航局</a>, <a title="宇宙" href="misc.php?mod=tag&id=1273" target="_blank">宇宙</a></div> </div> <div id="comment_1202855" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_1202855"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> <div id="p_btn" class="mtw mbm hm cl"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=favorite&type=thread&id=304552&formhash=f4e5c204" id="k_favorite" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href, 'get', 0);" onmouseover="this.title = $('favoritenumber').innerHTML + ' 人收藏'" title="收藏本帖"><i><img src="static/image/common/fav.gif" alt="收藏" />收藏<span id="favoritenumber" style="display:none">0</span></i></a> <a class="followp" href="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=follow&op=relay&tid=304552&from=forum" 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