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onclick="readmode($('thread_subject').innerHTML, 357222);" class="show">阅读模式</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="pct"><style type="text/css">.pcb{margin-right:0}</style><div class="pcb"> <div class="t_fsz"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_357222"> <div align="center"><div align="center"><u><font size="5"><strong><font color="windowtext"><font face="宋体">电容特性在冷阴极荧光灯管之电流平衡效应</font></font></strong><strong></strong></font></u></div></div><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#000000">来源：</font></font><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">[</font></font><a href="http://csot.acesuppliers.com/" target="_blank"><font face="宋体"><font color="#0000ff">化合物半导体·光电技术</font></font></a><font color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman">] </font></font></font><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">作者：</font><font face="Times New Roman">Yuequan Hu, Milan M. Jovanovic, Delta Power Electronics Laboratory</font></font></font><br /> <br /> <strong><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">对于多灯管背光<a href="http://light.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">照明</a>系统来说，常见的问题一般发生在彼此并联的冷阴极荧光灯之电流分布不均造的亮度不均。然而，电流不均的问题可透过适当的灯罩<a href="http://machine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">机械</a>设计予以舒缓。</font></font></font></strong><br /> <br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">冷阴极荧光灯</font><font face="Times New Roman">(CCFLs)</font><font face="宋体">广泛运用在液晶<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>器</font><font face="Times New Roman">(LCDs)</font><font face="宋体">之背光上，例如个人计算机屏幕及电视机。</font><font face="Times New Roman">1,2</font><font face="宋体">在多重灯管之背光照明系统中，灯管间常存在着显著电流不均的问题而使得背光系统产生<a href="http://light.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">发光</a>不平均，这些造成发光不平均的问题是因为灯管设计及组件使用容忍度而造成灯管阻抗不匹配。虽然由背光组件容忍度造成的电流不均可以藉由更高质量的灯管组件</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">即</font><font face="Times New Roman">low tolerance)</font><font face="宋体">降低，但由于组件设计造成的电流不均若不以昂贵的硬件重新设计则是不易校正。为了使整体背光照明设计最佳化，所以进一部洞悉因设计而造成电流不均的问题基本上是必要的。</font></font></font><br /> <strong><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">源自于灯管设计所造成的电流不均</font></font></font></strong><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">在典型的背光照明系统中，方形波电压</font><font face="Times New Roman">V1</font><font face="宋体">经由串联的阻隔电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(blocking capacitor)</font><font face="宋体">加诸于</font><font face="Times New Roman">N</font><font face="宋体">个并联架构的变压器</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">匝数比</font><font face="Times New Roman">(turns ratio)=1:n]</font><font face="宋体">，其中的线圈联接到单一灯泡，如图一</font><font face="Times New Roman">(a)</font><font face="宋体">所示。每一个灯泡</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">包括变压器</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">可以视为并联灯管阻抗</font><font face="Times New Roman">Rlamp</font><font face="宋体">，且以串联的方式将寄生电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray capacitance)Cstray</font><font face="宋体">与漏电感</font><font face="Times New Roman">(leakage inductance) Llk</font><font face="宋体">及等效串联电阻</font><font face="Times New Roman">RESR</font><font face="宋体">连接在一起</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">如图一</font><font face="Times New Roman">(b)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">。图中的主要侧板反射到次要侧板</font><font face="Times New Roman">(V2= nV1)</font><font face="宋体">，而一般的系统设计使用固定的直流电压，因此阻隔电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(blocking capacitor)CBn</font><font face="宋体">可忽略不计。一般来说</font><font face="Times New Roman">RESR</font><font face="宋体">比</font><font face="Times New Roman">Llk</font><font face="宋体">小很多，为了简化公式，</font><font face="Times New Roman">RESR</font><font face="宋体">也予以忽略。灯泡电流</font><font face="Times New Roman">Ilamp</font><font face="宋体">大小可视为供应电压</font><font face="Times New Roman">V2,</font><font face="宋体">、操作频率</font><font face="Times New Roman">f</font><font face="宋体">及阻抗</font><font face="Times New Roman">Rlamp</font><font face="宋体">、</font><font face="Times New Roman">ZCstray</font><font face="宋体">、</font><font face="Times New Roman">ZLlk,</font><font face="宋体">的函数</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">如公式</font><font face="Times New Roman">(1)</font><font face="宋体">及</font><font face="Times New Roman">(2)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">。藉由公式</font><font face="Times New Roman">(2)</font><font face="宋体">，为了达到相等的灯管电流，单一灯管阻抗必需一致。当灯管电流操作频率等于共振频率</font><font face="Times New Roman">fr [</font><font face="宋体">如公式</font><font face="Times New Roman">(4)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">时将会是极大值</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">如公式</font><font face="Times New Roman">(3)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">。</font></font></font><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">一般来说，</font><font face="Times New Roman">Llk</font><font face="宋体">和</font><font face="Times New Roman">RESR</font><font face="宋体">数值可取决于电流路径的长度及面积，且可以利用对称的设计控制。</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">漏电感</font><font face="Times New Roman">(leakage inductance)</font><font face="宋体">是由变压器的主要及次要线圈之非理想耦合所造成的，这意味着部份能量将不会转移到次要或主要的线圈部份</font><font face="Times New Roman">]Rlamp</font><font face="宋体">与设计无关，且灯管间的偏差容忍度变化是可以单一化的，最难控制的阻抗是</font><font face="Times New Roman">Cstray</font><font face="宋体">，而这部份大多随着设计的不同而。在图一</font><font face="Times New Roman">(b)</font><font face="宋体">显示的<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电路</a>设计中，</font><font face="Times New Roman">Cstray</font><font face="宋体">代表灯泡与接地金属结构之间的电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">如图二所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">，该电容可设计成并联板电容，且在板子</font><font face="Times New Roman">(d)</font><font face="宋体">、板子面积</font><font face="Times New Roman">(A)</font><font face="宋体">及板子间介质的介电常数</font><font face="Times New Roman">(permittivity</font><font face="宋体">；</font><font face="Times New Roman">e)</font><font face="宋体">呈现距离函数</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">如公式</font><font face="Times New Roman">(5)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">。</font></font></font><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">在公式</font><font face="Times New Roman">(2)</font><font face="宋体">获得的</font><font face="Times New Roman">Cstray</font><font face="宋体">参数在灯泡电流</font><font face="Times New Roman">(Ilamp)</font><font face="宋体">的效应相当显著</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">如图三所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">。举例来说，在</font><font face="Times New Roman">61kHz</font><font face="宋体">操作频率下，当寄生电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray capacitance)</font><font face="宋体">由</font><font face="Times New Roman">10pF</font><font face="宋体">增加到</font><font face="Times New Roman">30pF</font><font face="宋体">时，灯管电流几乎增加两倍。</font></font></font><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">在共振下的灯泡电流是</font><font face="Times New Roman">Cstray</font><font face="宋体">、</font><font face="Times New Roman">Llk</font><font face="宋体">及灯泡电阻的函数，但与</font><font face="Times New Roman">Cstray</font><font face="宋体">及</font><font face="Times New Roman">Llk</font><font face="宋体">相依度极高</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">如公式</font><font face="Times New Roman">(3)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">，较高的寄生电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray capacitance)</font><font face="宋体">在共振频率下有较大的灯管电流。严格来说，当寄生电容增加时，共振频率会降低，并造成较低的压降跨越漏电感</font><font face="Times New Roman">(leakage inductance)</font><font face="宋体">且更高的压降通过灯管，因此会有更高的灯管电流。</font></font></font><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">藉由</font><font face="Times New Roman">“Ansoft 2D Field Simulator”</font><font face="宋体"><a href="http://opticaldesign.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">软件</a>对五支灯管背光系统中沿着水平线</font><font face="Times New Roman">l</font><font face="宋体">电场强度之静电模拟结果如图四所示。灯管直径为</font><font face="Times New Roman">4 mm</font><font face="宋体">，而灯管截面电压为</font><font face="Times New Roman">1200 V</font><font face="宋体">，可以观察出两个实验条件中</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">即接地金属灯罩存在与否</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">电场强度会呈现出</font><font face="Times New Roman">“U”</font><font face="宋体">型分布；靠近外部的灯管具有较高的寄生电场</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray electric field)</font><font face="宋体">环境，这也意味着将会有更高的寄生电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray capacitance)</font><font face="宋体">。然而，当灯管靠近金属灯罩摆放时，所呈现的光均匀性</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">中央面积部份</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">及电场</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">如图四</font><font face="Times New Roman">(b)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">会比没有金属灯罩的设计来得高。最后，仿真结果显示当金属侧板被非金属侧板取代时的电场强度一致</font><font face="Times New Roman">[</font><font face="宋体">如图四</font><font face="Times New Roman">(c)</font><font face="宋体">所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">]</font><font face="宋体">。从模拟结果中，我们可以结论出灯管的寄生电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray capacitance)</font><font face="宋体">是由每一支灯管的相对位置及灯管和金属灯罩之间的距离来决定的。</font></font></font><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">利用金属侧板灯罩设计</font><font face="Times New Roman">16</font><font face="宋体">支灯管之背光照明系统的单独灯管电流量测如图五所示。当灯管与灯罩的间距大的时候</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">即</font><font face="Times New Roman">30mm)</font><font face="宋体">，靠近外部的灯管比起靠近内部的灯管具有更高的电流，当灯管与灯罩的间距小的时候</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">即</font><font face="Times New Roman">12mm)</font><font face="宋体">，电流分布则更为均匀。</font></font></font><br /> <strong><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">解决方法</font></font></font></strong><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">如同先前章节所述，在多灯管背光系统中，寄生电容会造成严重的电流不均，减缓该问题的方法之一是使用参考文献</font><font face="Times New Roman">4</font><font face="宋体">所描述的电流平衡变压器；然而，此举将会增加电路设计的复杂性及成本，并增加整个能量损耗。另一个方法则是设计金属灯罩来含括非金属侧板以及灯管下方的孔洞</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">如图六所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">。图七为含括或不含括金属侧板之金属灯罩的灯泡电流</font><font face="Times New Roman">(Ilamp-in)</font><font face="宋体">量测比较。在不含金属侧板的部份，灯泡电流达到平衡</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">如绿色柱状图所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">，原因在于靠近外部灯管的寄生电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray capacitance)</font><font face="宋体">下降。事实上，也反应在漏电流的降低上。除此之外，在灯管下方藉由孔洞设计可使寄生电容变小，而改善电流平衡</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">如图七中的蓝色柱状图所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">，并减少每支灯管两端的电流差异</font><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><font face="宋体">如图八中的蓝色柱状图所示</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">。不同灯管间更多的电流平衡以及每一支灯管两端的电流差异更小将可依序改善整个屏幕亮度之均匀性。</font></font></font><br /> <strong><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">结论</font></font></font></strong><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">在本篇研究报告中显示在多灯管背光照明系统中，灯管与接地的金属灯罩间的寄生电容</font><font face="Times New Roman">(stray capacitance)</font><font face="宋体">会造成严重的电流不均。缩小灯管与金属灯罩间的距离时，电流将更容易达到平衡，但因为寄生电容增加也会使得漏电流提高。移除金属侧板或使用非金属侧板，并且在灯管下方切割的孔洞可以显著地减轻电流不平均的问题，并改善光源的均匀性。</font></font></font><br /> <font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"> </font></font></font><br /> <font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="宋体">原文链接：</font></font></font><br /> <a href="http://csot.acesuppliers.com/meg/meg_1.asp?mgzid=2351445292007857473226753&idxid=7953" target="_blank"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff">http://csot.acesuppliers.com/meg/meg_1.asp?mgzid=2351445292007857473226753&idxid=7953</font></font></font></a><br /> <font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"> </font></font></font></td></tr></table> </div> <div id="comment_357222" class="cm"> </div> <div id="post_rate_div_357222"></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="plc plm"> <div id="p_btn" class="mtw mbm hm cl"> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=favorite&type=thread&id=57207&formhash=4eb58d01" id="k_favorite" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href, 'get', 0);" onmouseover="this.title = $('favoritenumber').innerHTML + ' 人收藏'" title="收藏本帖"><i><img src="static/image/common/fav.gif" alt="收藏" />收藏<span id="favoritenumber" style="display:none">0</span></i></a> <a 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