Advances in ROADM Technologies and Subsystems

reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) systems did not exist, their components were
unselected, and their market was unclear. Today, every major system vendor has a ROADM offering, and a large
number of component vendors have announced ROADM products based on a variety of technologies, some more
mature than others. We review the different optical component technologies that have been developed for use in
ROADM subsystems, and describe their principles of operation, designs, advantages, and challenges. The technology
platforms that we cover include MEMS, liquid crystals (liquid crystal devices (LCD) and liquid crystal on silicon
(LCoS) technologies), and monolithic and hybrid planar lightwave circuits (PLC) based on silica on silicon and
polymer on silicon platforms. For each technology, we describe the corresponding ROADM subsystem architectures in
terms of functionality, features, size, cost, and maturity.

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